MAP¨S DESCRIPTION BY JOSSELYN GAMERO BADILLO

Hi Kary!!

You will arrive at the train station, from there walk to the right and reaches the corner, cross the street and see a gift shop, then from there you turn left, walk two blocks, past the pedestrian bridge to the barber shop "Doña Juanita, walk to the right three blocks and you hope there is the spa that I promise you, I hope you get well.

Greetings see you on Saturday

Bye!!!.

Map´s Description by Pepe

AROUND TOWN.

Hi Gerardo!

When you come into the town you are in the Railway Station, leaving the station and go over the bridge and turn left. Then go along on that street and turn left in the corner of the street and walk without stop, past the newspaper kiosk and go along until you get at the stop light, cross the street and go along until you get at the corner and finally cross the street and you could see me.

I hope you will understand my instructions, we will tell you where do you have to go when you get there, it could be the museum or the library.

See you

PEPE.

School´s Description by Pepe

I’m going to tell you how are my school:

My school is a green school!, yeah!, because has many big garden, it’s building on a mountain, and is really big.

It has many people in there, and has many classroom, and laboratory for video edition, audio edition, and photo edition. So, it has two forums, for television and radio, in fact in the radio forum, there’s a radio station.

It has two courts for soccer and basket ball, and a really big freaking parking.
The people are friendly, but it’s really competitive!

And that’s the reason because I love to be there.

Mail´s Friend by Pepe

Dear Karen:

How are you my lovely friend, I hope that you are ok, I really miss you beauty girl, so I have to tell you something really important.
I need to see you, because it’s going to be my birthday! I need your help for organize mi party, how do you see?, that’s could be great for me. I wish you will be here.

So I really hope that you answer my mail, please, I need you ok?
I hope your answer ok?
Kisses…

Pepe.

Map´s Description by Liz Robles

Carmen, you are in Market square, go to bus station.

In Market square front town hall take queen street and turn right at the round about its on the corner.

I hope in here ok! Don’t be late!!

Liz Robles

School´s Description by Liz Robles

My school is big complex because have seven degrees courses. I cacht two buses to scool every days. The building is how maze.

The classrooms is very spacious is have big windows. Every year is very warm. I like the practice class how photo or news class of journalist, I hates subjects of theories, I think so boring.

But in general I like my school.-

Liz Robles

Mail 2 by Liz Robles

Isabel

Helen called at home, she said sorry but she can’t go out because she have see doctor if you can call Helen is in your mobile phone her number is 771 384 98 54
Xoxo.- ---------

Liz Robles

Mail 1 by Liz Robles

Gareth!

I`m sorry, I cant go out a dinner because I go to the dentist, I lost my gold tooth but call me this Sunday to see you ok?
I hope a lot of fun.-

Liz Robles

Mail´s Friend by Liz Robles

Hi my love!

The summer is soon!! Where are you going to go on vacations this summer?


We are going to beach, come on!!

We are going to camp near the ocean, my dad driving to Veracruz.

You start packing righ away!!! See you in my house this weekend. ok?

Liz Robles

School´s Description by Julio

My school is located in the south of the Pachuca city, my school is very big are two coffee shops, are different areas for example:

History, Education, Sociology, politician, law, English,etc.

My area is communication in this area are a challenger dark for the photography, television studio with two video cam, computer center, and radio station we have a BULBO RADIO EXPERIMENTAL this station is made for students.

My classroom is very small is the letter “A” and its under the computer center.

Map´s Description by Julio

Victor you stay in a railway station, turn right and follow straight down, you see the roundabout follow straight down and Queen Street in the end of Queen Street follows straight down and you arrive the market square.

Mail 2 by Julio

Dear Gareth:

Sorry but I can’t go because I have and important game in the club, but I´d like if you can the next Friday. I’m invited for dinner so I hope to quickly answer, If you can’t please tell me see you.

Mail 1 by Julio

From: Julio
To: Isabel

Helen called this night she said sorry but she cant go to the cinema because tomorrow she have present and important exam if you can call Helen is in your house.

Well take care.

Mail´s Friend by Julio

Dear Erika:

I hope to see you this Sunday I´m invited for a dinner, if you got I guaranted, a happy moment ha-ha.
We’ll see you

Kisses
Julio.

Map´s Description by Gerardo

Julio you stay in market square and walk straight up and see the town hall, cross the street and turn left and walk straight up and cross the Z follow, the queen street and cross. The roundabout and see the night club, well I´m staying.

School´s Description by Gerardo

My school stay in Actopan highway, the area of communication is very big and cooler in the area are a challenger dark, computer center, television studio, radio station, up on the stairs see the classrooms in the third classroom I´m stay in the same are to sport center, the other areas is law, politician, education, sociology, English, and history.

Mail 2 by Gerardo

From: Gerardo
To:Gareth

Sorry, but I can’t go because I have to visit my doctor, but if you can the next Sunday I´m invited for dinner so I hope to soon answer If you can’t tell me, right.

See you
Dany.

Mail 1 by Gerardo

From: Gerardo
To: Isabel

Hellen called in this morning, she said sorry but she cant go to the cinema because your brother is sick, if you can call Helen, she is in the hospital.
Well see you

Dany

Mail´s Friend by Gerardo

Dear victor:

I Hope To see you in the party
This afternoon remember if you
Can go please don’t forget
My coat right
Well
Take care.

Dany.

School´s Description by Mariana

My school is medium but is not clean. Because have all of garbage cigarettes in the garden, my school have different carriers law, sociology, social work, English language and communication.

This institute has some libraries, computer center and work shop of photography, radio, edition and two concerts hall. This school is not the best in Hidalgo but is well and important.

Map´s Ubication by Mariana

Hi sir. I need help, because I`m lost and need go to the park I have a date with my girlfriend but I don`t know this place.

You´re in the market square and walk in the street you past in front of the car park and in the corner walk to right, this street is “X” and walk two squares and turn right. After you`re in Queen Street, turn left and walk in the next square; you past behind the bus station straight up on this street, this place is opposite the swimming pool is really easy don`t worry.

Mail 2 by Mariana

From:Mariana
To:Isabel

Helen:
Isabel called me this morning and said me is not possible look you in the Lumier cinema because she works really later; she said really sorry, if you want call this is her number 7715639876

See you later!!!

Mail 1 by Mariana

From: Mariana
To: Gareth

I can`t go with you at your house. You invite me this weekend isn`t possible for me go, because my boyfriend need me in his business, but the next week is my birthday, and I have a dinner. If you are agree?

Friend´s Mail by Mariana

Dear May:

Hi, how are you? I need talk with you about business, because I`m looking at my father in low and have some business. Is really important for the computation`s house.

See you later
Mariana

Helen´s Mail by Mariana

Dear Helen:

This weekend I need go with my grandmother, because I forget my wallet, and I need my credit card. Sorry y can`t go with you at the cinema.

Love Mariana

E-mail Helen by Victor

Dear Helen:

I`d like to visit the Louvre Museum on Friday and take us some photos at the river.
After that, we can go at the cinema. Would you like it?
I am arriving at 8:00 am. We can meet outside the airport.

Love Victor

School`s Description by Victor

My school is small but it`s beatiful and clean. Social Sciences and Humanities Institute it`s at 20 minutes of Pachuca Center, Hidalgo.

The builduing is white and has many classrooms for the different bachelors that it has like:
Law, Sociology, Social Work, Communication, Education, etc.

The things that I like from my school are three:

First, the libraries because i can read the book that want and if I`ve got a doubt of any subject I can use the computers.

Second, the edition computers classroom, because in it the Mac computers has different Tv edition programs like Premiere, Photoshop, Illustrator, etc.

Third, Bulbo Radio because is a space that we have for produce different radio programs of the topic of you consider important, my favourite topic is rock music.

Map Ubication by Victor

Laura:

When you get out of the car park turn left to X Avenue and straight up

and turn right to Z Avenue, until you find Queen Street.

After that, turn right and straight down and turn left. There,

in the Town Hall, I`ll waiting for fou.

Victor

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION BY MARIANA LOPEZ

Types of non verbal communication.

Recent studies have also highlighted the existence of a variety of interesting forms of animal communication, such as bees, birds and whistles of dolphins and whales. Anyway, from semiotics, for example, animal communication does not exist as such, since there is only communication between human beings, due to the decision-making and interpretation that is in them. In animals there are more instinctive behavior, therefore, this behavior could not be called communication, whose meaning is finally bearing fruit of the reflection of human beings on their own ways of signifying.
Typically, non-verbal forms of communication between living creatures include lights, images, sounds, gestures, colors, and between human symbolic systems as well signs, flags (symbolic systems) and other visual techniques. These symbolic systems are created by men to communicate and thus must agree on the meaning that they will attribute to each signal.

MY SCHOOL ICSHu BY JOSSELYN GAMERO BADILLO

My school is very beautiful, is a building with many rooms and in which there are 8 degrees such as sociology, English Language, Communication, Education, History of Mexico, Political Science and Public Administration, Law and Social Work.

My school is not as central as it is located at the exit of the highway Pachuca-Actopan.

What I like about my school are their classrooms, they are always very clean and the bathrooms too. It has several windows, I like because it makes between enough light.

It also has soccer fields, so that university students there to play their tournaments.

The cafes are very large and very clean, only that prices are a bit high.

My school also has very large gardens and well kept, never let the plants dry
In my school we have an experimental radio and cabins equipped with everything needed to make our radio practices.

I invite you to visit my school is the best institute of the Autonomous University of Hidalgo State ICSHu.

E-MAIL 2 BY JOSSELYN GAMERO BADILLO

Hi Isabel

I hope you get this message I left for you Helen, I called to tell me you have lost your number and if I told you I saw you had a problem with one of his cousins, and may not go with you next Saturday picnic . Hopefully you can communicate with her, and indeed this grieving with you.

Take care. Greetings Yosse.

E-MAIL 1 BY JOSSELYN GAMERO BADILLO

Hello Helen

I write to say I'm sorry you could not go to the Silvio Rodríguez concert next Tuesday, what happens is that I call my boyfriend on Monday and will arrive a few days, because of his work gave him leave, a friend know I do not see very often and I hope you understand me, I promise to replace that outlet with something else I'm sure you cheer more, I thought my ticket was given to my sister, I hope there is no problem, please tell me when you read this message.

See you soon Yosse.

HISTORY OF RADIO IN MEXICO (by JOSSELYN GAMERO BADILLO)

Minimum History Mexican radio Part 1
(1920-1937)

Defined as the mass medium par excellence - its coverage, which reaches 98 percent of the country's population, do not have any other media - Mexican radio already has a history of more than 70 years. Seven decades in which the momentum of the pioneers experimenter became business interest by the generation of broadcasters that made this activity in industry since the thirties. Seven decades in which the act of tuning a frequency - in the twenties a feat achievable only by initiates through small galena receivers - became simple act everyday, almost natural, practiced by millions of persons accompanying the working day with music, lectures or information that radio offers.

The following notes provide a brief overview, but we believe, sufficient, the development of the radio industry in its first 75 years of life. The work of the pioneers who gave the initial impetus to this activity, that of men with great business vision transformed into a highly lucrative industry, those who, from the government, attempted to create a radio in the service of state projects and those who strove to link to this means of communication or cultural expressions literacy needs in rural communities, is briefly recorded here. In addition, technological developments are recorded that radio has experienced over the years, including the use of the FM band from the fifties, the conduct of radio signals from satellites, the use of " Supported multiplex "on FM stations to provide additional services to broadcasting - for example, data transmission - and the emergence of digital radio, considered the radio of the future. As a complement to the information in the form of short single-issue cards offered in this text is included at the end of it, a statistical appendix which records the increase in the number of radio stations between 1921 and 1995.

1920-1922

PIONEERS: Unlike the earlier experiments and television broadcasts, which are concentrated in the capital of the Republic, the work of the pioneers of radio takes place simultaneously in various parts of Mexico, sometimes with government support or response at the express request of any agency of the executive branch and in others by the initiative of individuals interested in researching what in the first half of the twenties is known as telephony or wireless.
So many are scattered at the time the experiments and radio broadcasts which are difficult to give someone the title of "first broadcaster in Mexico." However, there is a record number of events that helped lay the foundations of an activity that would become, over time, an indispensable means of communication to society.

ORGANIZATION OF BROADCASTERS: On 23 February, is in Mexico City the Mexican Association of Broadcasting Stations (AMER), an organization of broadcasters in various parts of the country. On June 11 this fledgling trade organization becomes Mexican Association of Commercial Broadcasters (GARD), comprising 20 stations in the country divided as follows: 10 of the Federal District, 2 of Veracruz, Tamaulipas and 2 for each of the following states: Puebla, Durango, Monterrey, Leon, Guadalajara and San Luis Potosi. Its aim is "to defend the common interests of broadcasters and to stand together in all cases where its activities may be affected." In 1939, to comply with the government since 1936 through the Law of Chambers of Commerce and Industry in the sense that all manufacturers must be attached to a business chamber, the House enters GARD Transport and Communications where is the Radio Section.

UNIVERSITY RADIO: On June 14 he began his first radio broadcast university of Mexico: XEUN, Radio UNAM. Its initial operations were limited to a schedule of four hours daily. A year later, on June 28, 1938, airs the radio from the University of San Luis Potosi, also broadcasting four hours a day. Alejandro Gomez Arias is the first director of Radio UNAM.

E-mail 2 by Victor

From: Víctor
To: Isabell

Ellen called you in the morning at your mobile phone but you can´t answered. After, she called me and said me that she can´t go with you at the cinnema because she had a problem, I think you should phone her.

E-mail 1 by Victor

From: Víctor
To: Gareth

I´m sorry, Gareth, but l can´t go with you to eat a barbecue next Sunday bucause my mother will arrive at home. I´d like to be with her and enjoy the planned meal, so why don´t you come with us? Would you like it?

E-mail 2 by Jose Canales

Hey, this is for you Isabel, I´ve got a phone message from Ellen, she said that she is very sorry that couldn’t make it at the cinema yesterday because she had a small emergency in her house, and she was trying to call you but you never answer the phone, and she thought that you were angry at her for living you hanging out there for a long time, she said that it’s so bad because you and her were planning that for days and for somehow it didn’t happened, she want you to call her back soon as you can , to explain you what happened and apologize for not making it out there

Well I hope you read this soon and fix the misunderstood
Take care yourself and say hi to Ellen for me ok, see you later, bye, bye…

With love Pepe…

E-mail 1 by Jose Canales

Hi garret, it’s Me Pepe, I’m typing you this message, because I’ve been trying to call you about your barbecue on Saturday but you just won’t pick up the phone, I want you to know that is going to be impossible for me to make it there, I have a friend coming over this week and I am planning something with him, it’s the first time he comes to Mexico and I don’t want to be like unable to guide him around my town, I am really sorry, but hey, I was wondering if you would like to do something else the week after, something like I don’t know watch the soccer game at your house and have a grill with all our friends have a few beers, you know? Like on the old times, well hoping that you will get my message I just have to tell you thanks for the invitation and I will be waiting for your answer about the grill at the day at the soccer game.
Have a great week and call me soon as you can.

With love Pepe

About the Academy Awards (Gerardo daniel ledezma sanchez)

Each January, the entertainment community and film fans around the world turn their attention to the Academy Awards. Interest and anticipation builds to a fevered pitch leading up to the Oscar telecast in February, when hundreds of millions of movie lovers tune in to watch the glamorous ceremony and learn who will receive the highest honors in filmmaking.

The Oscars reward the previous year’s greatest cinema achievements as determined by some of the world’s most accomplished motion picture artists and professionals. The Academy’s roughly 6,000 members vote for the Oscars using secret ballots, which are tabulated by the international auditing firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers. The auditors maintain absolute secrecy until the moment the show’s presenters open the envelopes and reveal the winners on live television.

And the Oscar Goes To...
Awards are presented for outstanding individual or collective efforts in up to 25 categories. Members select winners from as many as five nominees in each category, which are determined by members of the relevant Academy branch. (For instance, only film editors may nominate for the Achievement in Film Editing award.) The only exceptions are the Best Picture category, for which nominees are selected by the entire membership, and the Best Foreign Language films, which are nominated by a committee of members drawn from all branches.

In addition to the regular annual awards conferred by the membership, the Board of Governors is empowered to bestow Scientific and Technical Awards, Honorary Awards, Special Achievement Awards and other honors. Learn more about all the awards here.

Broadcast rights to the annual Oscar telecast provide the majority of the revenue for the organization’s rich and varied year-round activities.

The History of Mexican Newspapers by Victor

Historical Significance of Mexican Newspapers, 1900-1929

The period of 1900 to 1929 is pivotal in the formation of modern Mexico and its subsequent relationship with the United States. In 1900, the Pax Porfiriana ruled the country: internal stability was established by an effective and powerful government headed by Porfirio Díaz, and foreign investment led to economic progress and industrialization. The population swelled throughout the country, particularly in the north, considered the most progressive region in the country at the time-and even to this day.
But the situation changed dramatically during the next ten years. Noted historian Friedrich Katz states in The Cambridge History of Latin America (Cambridge: University Press, 1986, vol. 5) that there was no one single cause for this change but several: an economic depression with a decline in living standards, regional political movements, increased government repression, rivalry among would-be essors to an aging president, a new surge of nationalism, and Mexico as the center for a European-U.S. power struggle. These factors led to the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution and the downfall of the Díaz regime in 1911.



The succession of Francisco Madero to the presidency did not bring peace to the country, but rather a violent series of regional and integional uprisings. This struggle is called the first social revolution of the twentieth century. The human and economic dislocation was enormous: one tenth of Mexico's population was killed or injured and a massive migration to the borderlands and to the U.S.thwest occurred. In fact, this migration was the first wave of a movement north of the border into the United States by large segments of the Mexican population. Widespread peasant movements, the rise of labor unions, expropriation of large estates, and political reform culminated in the promulgation of a new constitution in 1917 and the creation of a new state headed by Venustiano Carranza. But the rivalry and fighting among regional chiefs continued until his death in 1920 when Alvaro Obregón ascended to the presidency. Despite the occurrence of several military insurrections, the subsequent decade was a period of economeconstruction and political consolidation under Obregón and later Plutarco Elías Calles. The dominant political party in Mexico during the late twentieth century, the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), had its genesis during these years.



The newspapers of the period document these dramatic events and reflect the attitudes and fears of the common people as well as the statements and propaganda of those in power. These publications also record the struggle to forge a new Mexico and to define its relationship with the United States. The U.S. government was often not an impartial observer and sometimes even a participant in Mexican affairs during these years. Three of the many incidents of intervention were the U.S. warships sent by President Taft to Mexico's Gulf and Pacific coasts in 1913; the assault by U.S. troops of Veracruz and Tampico in 1914, under orders from President Wilson; and the military incursion into northern Mexico by Brigadier General John J. Pershing in 1916and 1917.



The Mexican newspapers in this microfilm project, therefore, are important documents for U.S. as well as Mexican history. They amply demonstrate the long and often conflictive relationship between the two countries-a relationship that many researchers have explored and elucidated over the years. This project, Revolutionary Mexico in Newspapers, 1900-1929, makes these newspapers more readily accessible to scholars through their preservation, cataloging, and availability for interlibrary loan. Although holdings of many of these newspapers exist in very short runs, the titles are often unique-perhaps the only extant record of a newspaper's short-lived existence.



The newspapers from this time reflect Mexican partisan politics, yellow press, political and social satire, as well as local, regional, national, and international news. As the Díaz government was crumbling, political satire flourished in Mexico City prior to the outbreak of revolution in 1910. This streak of humor continued throughout the period, but no less coverage was given to real news about military personnel, political strong-men, and bloody battles that raged. Examples from various satiric newspapers in this guide demonstrate an often harsh view of the U.S. role in Mexican history as well as a sharp critique of Mexican politicians and its elite.

The Tv in Mexico by Victor

THE TV IN MEXICO

The first experimental television transmission in Mexico-- from Cuernavaca to Mexico City--was arranged by Francisco Javier Stavoli in 1931. Stavoli purchased a Nipkow system from Western Television in Chicago with funding from the ruling party, which was then called Partido Revolucionario Mexicano (Mexican Revolutionary Party) and became the current Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party). In 1934 Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena built his own monochromatic camera; by 1939, Gonzalez Camarena had developed a Trichromatic system, and in 1940 he obtained the first patent for color television in the world. In 1942, after Lee deForest traveled to meet with him in order to buy the rights, he secured the U.S. patent under description of the Chromoscopic Adaptors for Television Equipment. In 1946 Gonzalez Camarena also created XE1GGC-Channel 5, Mexico's first experimental television station, and started weekly transmissions to a couple of receivers, built by Gonzalez Camarena himself, installed at the radio stations XEW and XEQ, and at the Liga Mexicana de Radioexperimentadores (Mexican League of Radioexperimentors). The first on-air presenter was Luis M. Farias and the group of actors and actresses performing in those transmissions were Rita Rey, Emma Telmo, Amparo Guerra Margain and Carlos Ortiz Sanchez. Gonzalez Camarena also built the studio Gon-Cam in 1948, which was considered the best television system in the world in a survey done by Columbia College of Chicago.



In 1949 another broadcasting pioneer Romulo O'Farrill obtained the concession for XHTV-Chanel 4, the first commercial station in Mexico, which was equipped with an RCA system. XHTV made the first remote control transmission in July of 1950 from the Auditorium of the National Lottery--a program televising a raffle for the subscribers of O'Farrill's newspaper, Novedades. The first televised sports event, a bullfight, was transmitted the following day. In September of 1950, with the firm Omega and the automobile tire manufacturer Goodrich Euzkadi as the first advertisers, XHTV made the first commercial broadcast, the State of the Union Address of President Miguel Aleman Valdes.



By the late 1980s, the entire telecommunications infrastructure in Mexico consisted of 10,000 miles of microwaves with 224 retransmitting stations and 110 terminal stations; the Morelos Satellite System with two satellites and 232 terrestrial links; 665 AM radio stations and 200 FM radio stations; 192 television stations and 72 cable systems.

Even within the structure of these regulations, television in Mexico has been dominated by a handful of powerful individuals and family groups. The most significant of these is the Azcarraga family. Television station XEW began operations in 1951 under the direction of Emilio Azcarraga Vidaurreta, who already owned the radio station with the same call letters, one of thirteen radio stations under his ownership in the Northern part of the country. Azcarraga had strong links with the U.S. conglomerate RCA, and had been the founding President of the Chamber of the Radiobroadcast Industry in 1941. He was also influential in the creation of the Interamerican Radiobroadcasting Association and, with Goar Mestre of Cuba, was considered one of the two most powerful media barons in Latin America. XHGC was founded in 1952 by Gonzalez Camarena, who was considered a protégé of Azcarraga and had worked as a studio engineer in his radio stations. Telesistema Mexicano was born in 1954 with the integration of XEW-TV, XHGC-TV and, a year later, XHTV.



In 1973, 23 years after having committed to this model of commercial support, Televisa (Television Via Satellite, S. A.) was created as a result of the fusion of Telesistema Mexicano and Television Independiente de Mexico (TIM). TIM was the media outlet of the Monterrey Group, the most powerful industrial group in the country, and consisted of XHTM-TV, which started in 1968, two more stations in the interior, and the additional fifteen television stations of Telecadena Mexicana, S. A. This network was founded by film producer Manuel Barbachano Ponce in 1965 and was purchased by TIM in 1970. The fusion of Telesistema and TIM was preceded by strong criticisms of programming and advertising by several public officials, including President Luis Echeverria, in 1972.



After being dominated by Televisa for 23 years, however, and despite the giant company's financial successes, Mexican television is in a stage of transition. A duopoly is emerging in which TV Azteca is the competitor. The quasi-monopoly of Televisa in the Mexican television industry was broken in 1994, when the Salinas administration privatized a media package that included Channels 7 and 13, as well as a chain of film theaters. The winning bid was presented by Ricardo Salinas Pliego, President of the electronics manufacturer Elektra and the furniture chain Salinas y Rocha. Salinas Pliego won the bid despite having no experience in the broadcast industry, a qualification required by rules issued by the federal government.



Much of Televisa's dominance in Mexican television comes from its role as a production and distribution company. It provides over 12,000 hours of television programming each year, of which only 13% are imports. Media scholar Florence Toussaint says that the soul of the Televisa resides in its programming. She points out that the organization offers an apparent diversity through the four channels (channels 2, 4, 5, and 9 in Mexico City), with 118 titles in 455 hours each week. Toussaint argues, however, that among and within all these programs, a singular discourse is being elaborated, a discourse which propagates a determinate view of the world. Plurality, she suggests, is not its goal, and all the different shows in the various genres are, in fact, similar. This is especially true of the soap operas (telenovelas), the main programming form of Mexican television. (The production and distribution of melodramatic telenovelas places Televisa among the top five exporters of television programming in the world; the programs are exported not only to the Americas, but to countries that include China and Russia.) This particular genre can be seen to prescribe the gender roles and the aspirations that the social classes should have. Bourgeois values and symbols are the ideal, the goal, and the measure of failure or success.



These historical developments and the complex structures of the Mexican television system have been the subject of considerable critical analysis. Most examinations of the Mexican television industry adopt a liberal pluralist approach. They claim that the relation between the authorities and the television monopoly has been fruitful for both parties, especially so for the latter. They also stress that in this relation, the interests of the masses have been overlooked. Few critics have taken the simple view that the government and broadcasting have identical objectives, but most do argue that the different administrations have been tolerant and weak, allowing the monopoly greater benefits than its contributions to Mexican society. These analyses focus on several central themes. They cite ownership of media industries and management of news and information, criticizing the historical quasi-monopoly and the pro-government bias of Televisa's newscasts lead by Jacobo Zabludovsky for over a quarter of a century.

The Changes to Radios over the last 100 years by Julio

The Changes to Radios over the last 100 years



Radios have been one of the more important technological devices for more than a century. From their beginnings in the early 1800s until the new developments in recent years, radios have helped to provide communication as well as entertainment throughout the society of many cultures.

The early years of the radio technology began early in the 1800s, but the actual invention cannot be attributed to only one person. During this time period, several inventors created and improved upon the technology that became the radio as we know it today. Once referred to as “wireless telegraphy,” radio technology has always included electronic signaling between a transmitter and one or more receivers. In order to accomplish this, there are many several pieces of technology that fit together.

The first major breakthrough in the radio technology occurred in 1895 when the first patent for the radio was granted to Guglielmo Marconi. Though the idea was around, the actual devices that made the technology possible was not readily available until 1901. For this era, the radio technology was limited to communications with ships in case of an emergency. In 1907, the first commercial transatlantic radio service was created. From there, the technology continued to draw interested engineers and inventors from all sorts of industries.



During the late 1800s, Nikola Tesla made several advances that got people interested in the radio technology. In 1893, he presented the idea in a lecture to many astonished people in St. Louis, Missouri. It was here that he actually demonstrated the wireless radio technology that other people were trying to produce in the form of an effective and reliable device.



With many great minds working on this idea, it wasn’t long before radio stations began to pop up throughout the world. In the United States, there is speculation about the actual first radio station. Much of the debate lies in the actual definition of what a radio station constitutes as well as what they were supposed to do. KCBS is often regarded as the very first commercial radio station in the country, but there are others that produced regular radio programming and other services around the same decade. KDKA in Pittsburgh, for instance, began producing communication over the radio waves in 1920. In 1919, a University of Wisconsin-Madison radio station boasted the first human speech to go out over the airwaves. It was only a matter of two years before music was one of the more common uses that people were using the radio for.

The first radio frequency used was the AM frequency in 1906 during World War I. Because of its reliability, it was also the most popular frequency for broadcasting beginning in 1920. The AM frequency remained the dominant frequency for broadcasting for over three decades. This period is often referred to as the Golden Age of Radio. Radio stations during this time produced a wide variety of entertaining programs. In addition to music, radio stations also played dramatic episodes of programs, such as Amos ‘n’ Andy and Superman. Radios also became the preferred method for communicating the news of the day.



While the AM frequency was popular for broadcasting throughout the 1950s and beyond, researchers began developing the FM in the 1940s as an alternative to FM. This method became popular during the 1960s and took hold throughout the 1970s. It was more popular than the AM signal because it could transmit on any frequency. Although its original purpose was intended for classical music lovers and educational purposes, the FM method was a favorite for rock music in the 1960s. It wasn’t until 1978, however, that the FM programming had more listeners than the AM.



In recent years, radio has made even more developments that have made listening to your favorite music even easier. With a simple internet connection, you can listen to streaming audio from almost any radio station all over the world. A new trend in radio broadcasting is also the podcast. This is where individuals put together a recording that resembles a radio show and then post it online for anybody to listen to.




In addition to these developments, there is also the creation of the subscription-based radio services. Sirius and XM radio are not controlled by federal regulations in the same way that normal airwaves are governed. This gives both listeners and broadcasters more options to fit their listening pleasure. Made popular by Howard Stern, these radio services are also commercial-free, which is another great advancement in the radio industry.

With the advancements that have just been made in recent years, there is no telling where the radio technology will lead to next. Instead of television, the wide variety of radio programs are becoming more enticing to people throughout the world because of its availability and simplicity.

Description by Nayeli Canales Angeles

My best Friend

Five years ago I met a person who would turn into my best friend, she is a little short, green eyes, white skin and very nice.

Both of us have different tastes but always we know how to amuse ourselves together, though she is very serious and a bit of explosive character, she gets angry with facility and can be very aggressive with whom it bothers her.

She knows how to behave in agreement to the situation in the one that is, is very sure of if same. She doesn't like to receive advices because she thinks she is always right, she doesn't recognize her mistakes but i like to listen to her. she gives good advices and makes me laugh a lot.

She is very loyal and because of it she doesn’t forgive who defrauds her, she is very close to her family, friends and boyfriend and has all the attentions to them.

She likes to say things as they are, she very direct and sometimes she manage to hurt with her commentaries, but in the fund she is so sentimental and noble. She likes to help whenever she can. She likes to go to dance, her favorites pastime is to read and go to the movie theatre. also likes to represent cultural events especially with Mexicans arts, and her favorite food of course is the Mexican one although sometimes she chooses to eat fast food because she doesn't like to cook.

Description by Nayeli Canales Angeles

Sport man

Ricardo Izecson Dos Santos Leite (kaka) is the sportsman whom more I admire, for his path in addition to his personality, beside he is a very good looking physically.

kaka was born in Brasilia and grew up in Sao Paulo, on March 22 of 1983. in spite of the fact that his reputation began since he very young, he has never been a sportsman of scandals, and by what it is said in the mass media she is a person compromised with the needy people.

Religion occupies a fundamental place in his life So much that every goal that he marks it devotes itself to God. he recognizes to pray and to read the Bible often in adition. after gaining with ac the title of the series 2004 'Ricky', since he is called by his team members, he showed a shirt in which it was possible to read: " I belong to Jesus "

in my opinion kaka's unique fault is to be married. though she's a beautyfull model of name Carolina.

Among his achievements the prizes stand out to:

Player of the year in the series 2004

better european mid-field player 2005

maximun soccer of the champions league UEFA 2006-2007(10 goals)

better forward of the champions league UEFA

better world soccer player FIFPRO 2007

golden soceer ball 2007

Most valuable Player of the World Cup of Clubs 2007

Winner of the FIFA World Player 2007

Winner of Eleven of Gold 2007 Golden ball of the Glass FIFA Federations 2009

mY bEsT fRiEnD sHaMiR bY jOsSeLyN

MY BEST FRIEND SHAMIR

She is 22 years old, living in pachuca with his two brothers: Joe and Michael and his mother.

She studied law at the CUH, and serves on the city government.

She likes going to the movies and out shopping with her friends.

She likes the casual wear, read and listen to pop music in particular.

She likes eat Chinese food and loves vanilla ice cream.

She is a very friendly girl and social.

She practices yoga, loves to dance and go to parties.

she is my best friend since prepatoria.

MiChAeL sChUmAcHeR bY jOsSeLyN

MICHAEL SCHUMACHER

He was born in Rhein-Kreis Erft, January 3, 1969.

He practices the race car in the company Ferrari, in Formula 1.

It is 7 times world champion of Formula 1.

He wears a special pants and jacket, always.

His equipment of security is a helmet, seatbelts, and gloves.

He sometimes play soccer in a free time, and participate in a important competences.

I like this sport and this character because i feel adrenaline.

LORENA OCHOA BY JULIO

LORENA OCHOA IS A GOLF PLAYER

SHE USUALLY WEARS A JUMPER BROWN, WHITE SHIRT AND BANAMEX´S CAP. THE EQUIPMENT THAT SHE USES IS GOLFS STICKS, WHITE GLOVES, SPORT TENNIS AND GOLF BALLS.

SHE USUALLY GOES TO THE GYM
SHE ALWAYS TRAVEL AROUN THE WORLD FOR THE LPGA TOUR.
SHE SOMETIMES EATS HAMBURGERS AND FRENCH FRIES, BECAUSE SHE ALWAYS NEEDS HAVE A GOOD HEALTH.

I LIKE PLAYING GOLF BECAUSE IS A SPORT THAT YOU NEED HAVE CONCENTRATION, ABILITY AND SKILL.

MANY PEOPLE CONSIDERS SHE IS THE GOLF PLAYER NUMBER ONE IN MEXICO.

MY BEST FRIEND BY LIZ

Hes mexican, hes born in Pachuca city, and he live in the nort city, hes 23 years old, he is political student, in the free times he likes listenin music of Enrique Bunbury he likes rock music, we usually going to partys, hes very nice and i love him so much.

“THE SANT” BY LIZ

He's name is Rodolfo Guzmán Huerta, he’s born in Tulancingo, Hidalgo city. He played a free fight, he always to weared silver leggings, mask, and snikers. Hes sport man very fast, stong and agile, unusual man.
I think about the sant is superman and mexican icon.

VICTOR MY BEST FRIEND BY JULIO

VICTOR IS A GREAT FRIEND BECAUSE HE IS A FUNNY PERSON

HE´S GOT BROWN EYES, SHORT BLACK HAIR, AND A BIG MOUTH, HE IS AVERAGE SHORT.

HE´S GOT BROWN SKIN, HE LIKES READ BOOKS ABOUT GEOGRAPHY, POLITIC AND SHAKESPEARE´S LITERATURE.

HE LIKES PRACTICE SOME SPORTS LIKE FOOT-BALL, TENNIS, BASKET BALL, AND ATHLETIC.

HE LIKES GO TO THE CINEMA, HIS FAVORITE MOVIES ARE THE ACTION FILMS LIKE SIN CITY, MISSION IMPOSSIBLE, GOLDEN EYE 007, TRUE LIES, THE Z´S.

MY FRIEND IS A GOOD PERSON AND I LOVE HIM SO MUCH

José Canales´ Second Description

MY BEST FRIEND

He is average tall, he´s got small black eyes, long brown hair and he`s got beard. He´s got sharp nose, he likes to go to the cinema, besides loving the soccer.

I met him in University. He would be a sport journalist like me. Now, he lives in Pachuca, Hidalgo.

His favorite movie is the Lord of the Rings and his favorite soccer team is Pachuca, he is to flashily dressed.

He sleeps very much and nowadays. Actually, he´s working in the business of video games.

His name is Enrique Martínez and is 21 years old.

José Canales´ First Description

Roger Federer is a swiss professional tennis player considered by the majority of the big ones of the world tennis, as the best player of all times.

Now days he occupies the number 1 of the ranking of the ATP, he was born on August 8, 1981.

Every that he plays a tilt, dresses a short and shirt. He is an owner of numerous records in the circuit, winner of 16 Grand Slam's wreaths.

Besides his recognized skill to play in all the surfaces, slightly common condition that has allowed him to add victories in each and every of them.

Anna kournikova (Gerardo)

Is Anna Kournikova she is a russian tennis player

she has got blonde hair, she has got green eyes and she has got white skin

her equipment in tennis is a racket, a gold shirt, a gold jumper, tennis she is beautiful.

She never eat fast food and smoke, in diferent moments she is a model in many comercials on Europe so her carrer is better with model but in the sport she gives a little of fashion and marketing.

Gerardo Description (My friend)

Well I dont have picture with my fiend but is nice this image, my best friend is jaime he has got a short dark hair, is tall he has got brown eyes, he has got white skin he use glasses, he has got a big nose.

He study electronic in the university, he is very smart and funny, my friendship with his is very exellent because we always smile and fun in diferent places, he likes a computer very much and he likes the fast food and rock music

First Exam Partial Mariana´s Description

I´m a girl of medium height and medium size.

I have big and brown eyes; I have a thin lips and I have beautiful long, straight and brown hair, when I was a girl I wore braces.

I have small hands and thin fingers whit long fingernails but also freckles on my hands.

I have pierced ears but I don´t have earrings. And wear glasses. I´m funny girl but

I´m very intolerant mind.

First Exam Partial Mariana´s Description

I´m not admire a this sport man but his story is interesting and funny. He´s “Puas Olivares”.

He plays boxing, he usually wear normal red short, also use box gloves. He never talks in front of the cameras and answer questions of journalist.

This sport is interesting and good sport but it´s not my favorite. This sport man leaves box, because He was participating in a political competences.

First Parcial Exam Victor´s Description

Ana Laura Tellez was born in Pachuca, Hidalgo in 1986.

She studied Communication in Siglo XXI University at the time she worked in Cinepolis like a seller. I met her when we studied a course of locution. When the course finished, we recieved our Locution Certificate level "A". A few days ago, me and some friends from Locution Course had a meeting for celebrate to be together again.

She is average short, she´s got dark hair, a big smile and a beatiful lips. She´s slim and she´s got small ears, brown eyes and skin.

She likes going to the cinnema, buying different shoes and listening rock music. Also, she likes practicing some sports like foot ball, cycling, tennis, basket ball, etc.

Actually, she works in a clothes store. Laura is my friend and I love her to much.

First Parcial Exam Victor´s Description

Juan Carlos Cacho Gutierrez was born on May 3th in 1982 in Mexico City. He´s a foot ball soccer player. He´ve been played in matches like Cruz Azul, Club UNAM and Pachuca.

Cacho always wears a jersey, shorts and stockins (or socks). The equipment that he always uses are shin pads and soccer shoes, sometimes he uses a band sport around his head for hair.

He often practice excercises for had a good condition, he sometimes drink alcohol or eat too much.

I think Foot Ball soccer is an interesting sport because in it, you have to work in team, is a play of doing strategies, and the participation of every player is so important for win. Many people consider soccer is the most popular sport in the world and I´m l0vin´ practice it.